TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

Treatment of breast cancer include the following methods

 Control of local disease by
   
Surgery
  
In patients without systemic disease local surgery may be curative but most patients have occult micrometastases . a mobile tumour with or without axillary lymph nodes is generally operable . prospective trials indicate no difference in 5-10 year survival rate of patients undergoing mastectomy or breast conservation (lumpectomy , wide local excision , quadrantectomy) and radiotherapy , but the local recurrence rate in the latter group is slightly higher

. Mastectomy with axillary clearance results in 5 year recurrence rate of 4%and 8% in node- negative and node - positive patients respectively

It is not yet clear if there are difference in long term survival (10-25)years between radical surgery and conservation

Subcutaneous mastectomy is indicated for prophylactic mastectomy in women at high risk of breast cancer

palliative mastectomy with or without local adjuvant treatment may be necessary to control advanced local disease anxiety and depression accompany ,mastectomy in many women but breast conservation does not protect against this many women fearing the possibility of residual or recurrent disease

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BREAST CANCER

BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer this is the commonest amongest women affecting 1 in 13 and resulting in 25000 new cases and 15000 deaths per year in the  UK . the incidence rises rapidly to 200|100000 women per year by age 45 and continues to rise into old age . one per cent of breast cancers occur in men . the severity of the problem in the UK  has led to a government directive that all women suspected of having breast cancer must offered an outpatient appointment within 2 weeks of referral nulliparous women in developed countries are increased risk of breast cancer whereas women who have their first child young and breast feed are protected . modern low dose oral contraception does not seem to increase the incidence of breast cancer . predisposing factors include oestrogen exposure unopposed by progesterone , hyperoestrogenism family history of premenopausal breast cancer , saturated dietary fats and previous benign a typical hyperplasia two important breast genes (BRCA1-  chromosome11 and BRCA2-  chromosome17)are associated with inherited breast cancer which accounts for about 5% of cases but environmental factors seem more important

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RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER

RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER

what are the risk factors of cancer breast

Including the following

 Family history

 women with a family history of breast cancer in a first or second degree relative are at increased risk for developing the disease the risk increase up to 1.5 - 3 times if a mother or sister has the disease
 
parity and age at menarche

  At first birth parity and age at first birth are other endogeous hormonal factors that influence breast cancer risk nalliparous women are at a greater risk for breast cancer with women whose first pregnancy occurs after age 30 having a twofold to fivefold increase in breast cancer risk compared with women having a first term pregnancy before age 18 0r 19

 Age at menarche age at menarche and the establishment of regular ovulatory cycles seem to be strongly associated with breast cancer Risk it is suggested that 20%decrease in breast cancer risk exists for each year that menarche is

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