CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS

the aim

To know how to investigate a patient who may have a fracture or dislocation

• To be able to describe a fracture or dislocation concisely and correctly

• To understand the principles of reduction and holding a fracture or dislocation

• To know the common complications of fractures and dislocations, and how to check for them

• To understand the basic pathophysiology of fracture healing

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MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY

MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY

All muscles share the following properties, which are interrelated and achieve movement

 Contractility (ability to shorten in response to stimuli) Excitability (ability to react to stimulus

Extensibility (ability to undergo stretch

Elasticity (ability to return to original shape and size

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JOINT STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY

JOINT STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY

A joint. or articulation, is the place where two bones come together. All bones except one - the hyoid - form a joint with another bone. joints hold bones together and allow the rigid skeleton to move.

Classification of joints

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BONE PHYSIOLOGY AND STRUCTURE

BONE PHYSIOLOGY AND STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION
Nicolas Andry coined the word from which the English word orthopaedics is derived when he wrote a book titled L'Orho'edie in
1741. Orthopaedics is derived from the two Greek words Andry chose: orthos, meaning straight or free from deformity, and pais, meaning child. Since that time orthopaedics has expanded to include the evaluation and treatment of all musculoskeletal injury and disorders. Until the later half of the twentieth century. orthopaedics was predominately the nonoperative treatment of fractures, treat­ment of musculoskeletal infections (often tuberculosis), and polio. As we enter the twenty-first century, orthopaedic surgery includes the replacement of

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MUSCULOSKELETAL OR BONES IMAGING

MUSCULOSKELETAL OR BONES IMAGING

what are the aim of imaging of musculoskeletal system they are
To be able to list the advantages and risks of plain radiography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and isotope scanning when imaging the musculoskeletal system

• To understand how to write a good imaging request card

• To know the law in relation to radiation

INTRODUCTION

Imaging is an intricate part of musculoskeletal diagnosis, and image-guided, minimally invasive techniques also play a major role in treatment. In broad terms, radiographs are the best method of looking for bony lesions or injuries. magnetic reso­nance imaging (MRI) shows bone marrow disease, muscle

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Clinical examination in musculoskeletal disorders

Clinical examination in musculoskeletal disorders

what are the aims it is very important to know how you can examine the musculoskeletal system which include the whole bone joint skin soft tissue nerve and the tests done for it which will be discuss here also
To understand the three major types of history, their functions and the different ways in which they are obtained as 

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