EXPLAINING OF TREATMENT OF ASCITES OR ASTSGA

EXPLAINING OF TREATMENT OF ASCITES OR ASTSGA

Introduction

Ascites treatment can be divided into many regimens which either can be used in usual or refractory ascites which most common causes is liver cirrhosis

This treatment can be divided into the following items

As in case of ascites there is salt like sodium and fluid or water retention so the patient need to restricted dietary salt as sodium intake in the diet and also restricted water intake especially in case associated with hyponatremia

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EXPLAINING OF ASCITES OR ASTSGA

EXPLAINING OF ASCITES OR ASTSGA

Definition

Ascites or astsga means the presence of abnormal fluid which accumulated inside the abdominal cavity or in the peritoneal cavity called ascitic fluid

Ascites is not a disease but it is a sign of many diseases which can causes it such as liver cirrhosis which most common causes of ascites

What are the causes of ascites

There are many causes of ascites such as

• Liver cirrhosis

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PROBLEMS AFTER GALL BLADDER REMOVAL

PROBLEMS AFTER GALL BLADDER REMOVAL

Introduction

The gall bladder removal is done by operation called cholecystectomy which either done by open surgery (open choelcystecomy ) or by laparoscopy (laparoscopic cholecystectomy

 This operation is very common all over the world which done mainly for stones in the gall bladder and most of the patients are recovered postoperative without any complications

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BILIARY OR (CHOLEDOCHAL )CYSTS

BILIARY OR (CHOLEDOCHAL )CYSTS

Definition

Choledochal cysts are congenital abnormalities of the biliary channels which characterized by cystic dilatation of the biliary tree which either affected the extrahepatic or intrahepatic biliary tree or both affection which can be present at any age from antenatal periods to late in adult life

BILIARY OR CHOLEDOCHAL CYST TYPE I

Causes

There is no definite causes but theories suggestive that its due to reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tree related to the long anomalous pancreaticobiliary channel also weakness of the bile duct wall and increased pressure secondary to biliary obstruction are required for biliary cyst formation

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INJURIES OF BILIARY DUCTS

INJURY OF BILIARY DUCT

Causes of biliary duct injuries

Most common causes of biliary tract or ducts injury are iatrogenic causes during abdominal operation of the gall bladder or common bile duct like open removal of the gall bladder( cholecystectomy) or laparoscopic removal of the gall bladder

ANATOMY OF BILIARY DUCTS

 Other operation which found to have a role in injury of the bile duct are during mobilization of the duodenum during removal part or all of the stomach by operations called partial or total gastroectomy

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EXPLAINING OF SCLERORSING CHOLANGITIS

EXPLAINING OF SCLERORSING CHOLANGITIS

Definition

It is an inflammatory strictures with progressive course which affect the biliary tract either intrahepatic or exttrahepatic or both  it is non suppurative cholangitis can lead to secondary biliary cirrhosis and liver failure

Types

• primary sclerorsing cholangitis
• Secondary sclerorsing cholangitis

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CANCER OF BILE DUCT (CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA)

( CANCER OF BILE DUCT (CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA

Introduction

Cancer or carcinoma of the bile duct it is also called Cholangiocarcinoma it is a rare malignant tumour of the biliary channels which arise from the epithelium and it can occur at any site along the biliary tree from common bile duct or its branches which divided into right and left hepatic ducts common site present at the hepatic duct bifurcation

 

According to the site of the tumor it can be divided into either distal or proximal or perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

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EXPLAINING CANCER OF GALL BLADDER

EXPLAINING CANCER OF GALL BLADDER

Introduction

Cancer of gall bladder it is a malignant tumors of the gall bladder which arise mainly from the innermost layer of (mucosa )the gall bladder

It is rare malignant tumor which occur most common in old age patients but it is aggressive tumour if discovered lately and carry good prognosis if discovered early

It accounts for only 2 to 4% of all malignant gastrointestinal tumors
The patients who undergo­ing cholecystectomy means removal of the gall bladder for gallstone disease may found incidentally to have gallbladder cancer

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EXPLAINING OF GALL BLADDER FUNCTION

EXPLAINING OF GALL BLADDER FUNCTION

Introduction

The gall bladder is that organ which present in under surface of the liver and has pear shaped sac which divided into four parts from above downward fundus body infundibulum and the neck

 The gall bladder contain inside it a fluid called bile which it is secreted from the liver and stored into the gall bladder the average capacity of the gall bladder to store bile from 30-50 ml which can be reach up to 300 ml in case of gall bladder obstruction

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