TIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURES

TIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURES

Introduction

tibia and fibula

The tibia and fibula are the the bones of the leg which extended from the knee above to ankle below the tibia is more big than fibula the tibia is the medial bone but fibula is lateral one the tibia has shaft upper and lower end it is alone articulates with the femur at the knee joint the upper end has medial and lateral condyles the tuberosity of the tibia is at upper end of the anterior border of the shaft and gives attachment to the ligamentum patella the shaft of the tibia is lies subcutaneous so lacerations over it heal poorly because of lack of vascularity in the subcutaneous tissues as only the periosteum supports the skin the lower end of the tibia has the medial malleolus the

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FRACTURES FEMUR

 
FRACTURES FEMUR

Introduction

The femur bone is the largest bone in the body which extended from hip joint above to the knew joint below it is divided into upper proximal part which contains the head neck greater and lesser trochanters shaft and distal or lower part which contains medial and lateral epicondyles

blood supply of femoral head

anatomy of the femur bone

this is from1-  Retnacular branches from medial and lateral femoral circumflux arteries pass proximally within the joint capsule to anastamosis at junction of neck and articular surface which is the main source of supply the retinacular vessels are easily to disrupted in intracapsular fractures leading to avascular necrosis of the head  2- vessels travelling up the diaphysis 3- an artery in the ligamentum teres small contribution to no contribution in elderly

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FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS OF THE UPPER LIMB IN CHILDREN

FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS OF THE UPPER LIMB IN CHILDREN

Introduction
Bony injuries in children are different from adult because their bone is different from adult as they have an epiphysis  and they are still growing

Fractures and related childhood injuries you should be aware of the following 1- Epiphyseal injuries 2- Forearm bone fractures 3- Supracondylar fractures 4-  Condylar fractures 5-Pulled elbow 

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CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF FRACTURES RADIUS AND ULNA

CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF FRACTURES RADIUS AND ULNA

Anatomy of the radius and ulna bones
the radius and ulna bones are formed the bone of the forearm which extend from elbow joint above to wrist joint below the radial bone is longer than the ulnar bone both bones run parallel to each other the radius articulated with the capitulum of the humerus bone by radial notch and head of the ulna and forming superior or proximal radioulnar joint the radius called that because it acts like radius(of a circle) the ulna acts as the

anatomy of the radius and ulna

center point to the circle because when arm is rotated the ulna

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CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF FRACTURE HUMERUS

CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF FRACTURE HUMERUS
Anatomy of the humeral bone

 

it is a long bone in the arm which connected the shoulder joint to elbow joint and run from scapula to the bone of the forearm (radius and ulna) the humeral bone consists of upper end which consists of rounded head and narrow neck and two short process called greater and lesser tuberosities which constriction below it called surgical neck which it is common site for

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CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF SHOULDER DISLOCATIONS

CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF SHOULDER

DISLOCATIONS

In this section it will be also including fractures scapula and acromioclavicular joint injuries beside shoulder dislocation or subluxation what are the difference between dislocation and subluxation  dislocation means complete separation while subluxation mean partial separation

shoulder dislocations can be divided into the following types 1- anterior dislocation 2- posterior dislocations 3- chronic dislocations 4- recurrent dislocations 5- inferior dislocations 

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CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF FRACTURES CLAVICLE

 CAUSES TYPES AND TREATMENT OF FRACTURES CLAVICLE

Introduction

Fractures of the upper limb are very common injuries in all age groups. In adults, between the ages of 15-49 years, these injuries are more common in males and are usually due to high-energy mechanisms such as road traffic accidents. Between the ages of 65 and 89 years there is a considerable increase in the incidence of fractures, particularly in females. These are associated with osteoporosis and may follow minor trauma such as a fall from a standing height. Many of these injuries are relatively minor, for example clavicle fractures, which usually require no more than symptomatic treatment. Some injuries,

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DISEASES OF ELBOW JOINT

DISEASES OF THE ELBOW JOINT
The aim is to understand the anatomy and physiology of the upper limb in relation to the problem that occur and their treatment and to explain the diagnosis and treatment of common problems the elbow with special fractures in children and also to appreciate the differences between adults and children in trauma involving the elbow joint

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DISEASES OF SHOULDER JOINT

DISEASES OF SHOULDER JOINT

The aim is to understand the anatomy and function of shoulder joint and to be able to explain the diagnosis and treatment of common problems or diseases around the shoulder such as rotator cuff syndrome dislocation and fractures of shoulder joint and also to appreciate the differences between adults and children in trauma involving the shoulder and elbow joint

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COMPLICATIONS OF LIMB INJURY

COMPLICATIONS OF LIMB INJURY

the complications of injuries can be divided into early and late, local and systemic, and those specific to certain methods of fixation­ either internal or external .

Early local complications
the key complication is the loss of circulation distal to the injury a second commonly missed problem is degloving of the skin and subcutaneous fat, which lose their blood supply as they are torn from the deeper tissues. This injury is easy to miss, but if a careful check is made for loss of sensation and capillary filling, and if the history suggests a high possibility of this type of injury, then appro­priate action can be taken as all of the dead tissue needs to be "removed and skin cover is urgently needed

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MANAGEMENT OF BONE FRACTURES

MANAGEMENT OF BONE FRACTURES

in order to understanding how fractures be healed and be management we should be first know the pathophysiology of fracture healing  and known the methods of treatment of bone fractures by using external and internal fixation and their advantages and complications as follow 

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