Pig or swine influenza causes types diagnosis and treatment

Pig or swine influenza causes types diagnosis and treatment

Introduction

Pig or swine influenza it is a viral infection which affect human and can produce mild to severe disease and the disease is transmitted from people to other people

Transmission of virus from pigs to human is not common and rare to causes human flu

Pig or swine influenza also known as 2009 virus which caused by influenza A serotype  H1N1

HA means haemagglutinin and NA means neuraminidase which they are the viral proteins that determine the subtype of influenza virus for example A|H1N1 and H3N2 v
The HA and NA are important in the immune response against virus antibodies the NA protein is the target of the antiviral drugs such as relenza and tamiflu

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Carcinoma of thyroid gland types causes diagnosis and treatment

Carcinoma of thyroid gland types causes diagnosis and treatment

Introduction

Thyroid gland is that gland which present in front of the neck which has two lobes one on each side connected together by an isthmus taken butter fly appearance

Thyroid gland is responsible for release of thyroid hormones such as tri-iodothyronine T3 tetra-iodiothyronine T4 and thyroid stimulating hormones TSH ,these hormones are responsible for the process of metabolism in the body if there is any disorders affect the release of these hormones are associated with diseases either in the form of increased secretion of thyroid hormones causing hyperthyroidism or decreased secretion of thyroid hormones causing hypothyroidism 

 

Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor or neoplasm which arise from either follicular or parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland it is uncommon cancer which affect women more than men ,there are several types of thyroid cancer and different methods of treatment

 

What are the causes of cancer thyroid

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Precancerous or malignant skin diseases

Precancerous or malignant skin diseases

Introduction

Precancerous or premalignant skin diseases there are some skin condition in which under certain circumstances can be changed or transformed into skin cancer such as squamous cell carcinoma , basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma if they left without any treatment

These skin condition include the following

• Keratocanthoma
• Bowen,s disease
• Solar or senile keratosis
•  Chronic radiodermatitis
• Xeroderma pigmentosa
• Carcinogens agents
• Leukoplakia
• Chronic scars Marjolin,s ulcer
• Lupus vulgaris or Tuberculosis of skin T.B of skin
• Moles or naevi

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Malignant melanoma and Amelonatic

Malignant melanoma and Amelonatic

Introduction

Malignant melanoma it is a type from skin cancer which arise from epidermal skin layer  from melanocyte cells or pigment cells which responsible for release of melanin pigment which give the skin it is colour malignant melanoma can arise in any part in the body which containing melanocyte cells such as in the skin of the head and neck, trunk , lower and upper limbs

 There are special site of malignant melanoma  which can be arise such as mucosal as mucous membrane of the nose or the mouth( sublingual), eye as conjunctiva , choroid and pigmented layer of the retina and genitalia

 Also there are hidden area of malignant melanoma which can be found such as pia and arachnoid matter which they are  the layer of brain covering and adrenal medulla
 Malignant melanoma it is the most aggressive type of skin cancer which it is more common in Caucasian than black

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