oncology malignancies cancers tumours
first of all what is definition of oncology this word can be divided into two part first onco which mean mass or tumour or swelling or bulk and second logy which means study so oncology means it is the branch or the science which deal with everything about the tumours or cancers
first of all what is definition of oncology this word can be divided into two part first onco which mean mass or tumour or swelling or bulk and second logy which means study so oncology means it is the branch or the science which deal with everything about the tumours or cancers
In this section i will talk about these contents
Biology or molecular basis of cancer
Cancer etiology or causes of cancer
Viral causes of cancer
Physical causes of cancer
Chemical causes of cancer
Genetic causes of cancer
Cancer etiology or causes of cancer
Viral causes of cancer
Physical causes of cancer
Chemical causes of cancer
Genetic causes of cancer
Cancer diagnosis by clinical features either local features general features or distant metastasis features
Cancer diagnosis by laboratory investigations
Cancer or tumours typing grading and staging
Surgery such as
surgical management of primary tumours
surgical management of regional lymph node basin
Surgical management of distant metastases
surgical management of primary tumours
surgical management of regional lymph node basin
Surgical management of distant metastases
Cancer metastasis
Cancer invasion
Normal cell growth
Cancer carcinogenesis definition and types
Genes involved in carcinogenesis
Tumour angiogenesis
Tumour abnormalities
Introduction
As the population ages oncology is becoming a larger portion of
surgical practice
The surgeon often is responsible for the initial diagnosis and management of solid tumors
Knowledge of cancer epidemiology ,etiology, staging, and natural history is required for initial patient assessment
The surgeon often is responsible for the initial diagnosis and management of solid tumors
Knowledge of cancer epidemiology ,etiology, staging, and natural history is required for initial patient assessment
as well as to determine the
optimal surgical therapy
Modem cancer therapy is multidisciplinary, involving the coordinated care of surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, reconstructive surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and primary care physicians
Primary therapy refers to en bloc resection of tumor with adequate margins of normal tissues and in some cases regional lymph nodes
Adjuvant therapy refers to radiation therapy and systemic therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy,hormonal therapy,and increasingly, biologic therapy
Modem cancer therapy is multidisciplinary, involving the coordinated care of surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, reconstructive surgeons, pathologists, radiologists, and primary care physicians
Primary therapy refers to en bloc resection of tumor with adequate margins of normal tissues and in some cases regional lymph nodes
Adjuvant therapy refers to radiation therapy and systemic therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy,hormonal therapy,and increasingly, biologic therapy
The primary goal of surgical and radiation therapy is local and
regional control
On the other hand,the primary goal of systemic
therapies is systemic control by treating distant foci of
subclinical disease to prevent recurrence
Surgeons must be familiar
with adjuvant therapies to coordinate multidisciplinary care and to
determine the best sequence of therapy
.Recent advances in
molecular biology are revolutionizing medicine
Nowhere has basic
biology had a greater and more immediate impact than in oncology
New
information is being translated rapidly into clinical use, with the
development of new prognostic and predictive markers and new biologic
therapies
It is therefore essential that surgeons understand the
principles of molecular oncology in order to appropriately
interpret these new contributions and incorporate them into practice
Cancer terminology and epidemiology
Epidemiology
Definition
Means is the study of disease frequency in populations in cancer epidemiology, useful concepts include
measures of incidence as
Prevalence: which means proportion of population with a condition at a given time
incidence:which means proportion of population developing a condition in a given time measures of risk
Risk factor: which means an agent or characteristic predisposing to the development of a condition
Relative risk:which means strength of association between risk factor and condition
Epidemiology
Definition
Means is the study of disease frequency in populations in cancer epidemiology, useful concepts include
measures of incidence as
Prevalence: which means proportion of population with a condition at a given time
incidence:which means proportion of population developing a condition in a given time measures of risk
Risk factor: which means an agent or characteristic predisposing to the development of a condition
Relative risk:which means strength of association between risk factor and condition
Measures of outcome
Disease-free survival: which means an outcome measure in oncology for the time period from diagnosis to detection of recurrence
Life table: which means a calculation predicting the cumulative probability of surviving a given number of years e.g 5-year survival rate
Disease-free survival: which means an outcome measure in oncology for the time period from diagnosis to detection of recurrence
Life table: which means a calculation predicting the cumulative probability of surviving a given number of years e.g 5-year survival rate
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