EXPLAINING OF SECONDARY BONE CANCER

EXPLAINING OF SECONDARY BONE CANCER

Introduction

Secondary bone cancer or metastatic bone cancer means cancer or it is cells that are spread to the bone from other part of body cancer

secondary bone cancer are more common than the primary bone cancer

secondary bone cancer are second causes of pathological bone fractures after osteoporosis

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MALIGNANT TUMOURS OR CANCERS OF THE BONES

MALIGNANT TUMOURS OR CANCERS OF THE BONES

Introduction

The malignant tumours of the bones are divided into primary malignant bones tumours which arise from the bones  and these are rare tumours and secondary bones tumous which arise due to metastasis from other organs and these are commoner than primary bones tumours

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FRACTURES OF THE BONES OF THE FOOT

FRACTURES OF THE BONES OF THE FOOT

Introduction and anatomy

Fractures or broken the bones of the foot in order to understanding these fractures it should be first known the anatomy or structures of the bones of the foot as follow

Bones of the foot

The bones of the foot consists of three parts which are the tarsal bones metatarsals bones and phalanges of the toes

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FRACTURES AND SPRAINS OF THE ANKLE

FRACTURES AND SPRAINS OF THE ANKLE

Introduction and anatomy

fractures of the ankle means broken bones involved in the composition of ankle joint and also ligaments

the ankle joint is consists of three bones which are the two bones of the leg( lower end of  tibia by its medial malleolus  and and lower end of the fibula by its lateral malleolus) and the talus bone by its body which is bone of the foot the ankle joint is hinge joint  like any hinge joint it is become weak anterior (infront ) and posterior (from the back)and strong laterally (from outside) and medially( from inside) by it is ligaments attachment

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